Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

Body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties among Brazilian female university students.

The Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM) is an instrument that aims to quantify behaviors related to social comparison, specifically comparisons related to the body, eating and exercise, and was originally developed using a nonclinical population of American university women. The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the psychometric qualities of the BEECOM for young Brazilian adult women aged 18-35 years. In the present study, the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was performed through its translation, back-translation and evaluation by the target population. The instrument proved to be easy to understand among young women. Then, the psychometric qualities of the instrument were evaluated using a sample of 716 women (Mage = 22.47 ± 3.10). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the presence of three factors and satisfactory adjustment indexes. The BEECOM presented an invariant measurement across white vs. nonwhite and physically active vs. non-active individuals. In addition, the instrument showed adequate reliability and convergent validity. In conclusion, the BEECOM is a useful tool to evaluate social comparison behaviors related to eating disorders and body image in young Brazilian female adults, enabling further research on these constructs and supporting the development of preventive strategies.

Eating disorders prevention programs in Latin American countries: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates and summarizes existing eating disorder (ED) prevention programs in Latin American countries. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases up to and including July 31, 2022. All ED prevention studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese were eligible, regardless of the study design, sample characteristics, and type of prevention programs. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included. Most were pilot studies that were nonrandomized, had a high risk of bias, were from Mexico and Brazil, and employed selective interventions. Dissonance-based programs and social cognitive theory were the commonly used approaches in interventions, and most of them were tested in adolescent girls and women. Short follow-ups were used, varying from 1 to 6 months. Many found significant decreases after the intervention and/or at follow-up in ED/disordered eating risk behaviors/symptoms, negative affect, body-ideal internalization, and body image disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights promising efforts to prevent EDs among Latin American countries. Some barriers in conducting research include funding restrictions, laws that do not allow remuneration or compensation for participants, and high costs of training. Nonetheless, the outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit further work on ED prevention. Efforts for future researchers should recruit samples with diverse characteristics, use robust designs and data analysis techniques, and expand the accessibility of prevention programs. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The development of effective eating disorder (ED) prevention programs that can be broadly implemented is a public health priority. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence regarding the characteristics of ED prevention programs and their efficacy among Latin American countries. In the present study, we reviewed existing ED prevention programs adopted in Latin America, described their characteristics and outcomes, noted the limitations of available programs, and discussed the implications of these findings for efforts to prevent the development of EDs in Latin America. The outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit the development and rigorous evaluation of future programs and their broad dissemination in Latin American countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021275245.

OBJETIVO: Esta revisión sistemática evalúa y resume los programas de prevención de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) existentes en los países de América Latina. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática utilizando las bases de datos del Registro Cochrane de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Controlled Trial Register), PubMed y Virtual Health Library hasta el 31 de julio de 2022 inclusive. Todos los estudios de prevención de TCA publicados en inglés, español o portugués fueron elegibles, independientemente del diseño del estudio, las características de la muestra y el tipo de programas de prevención. Se utilizaron los Criterios de Riesgo de Sesgo de la Colaboración Cochrane para evaluar la calidad de los estudios incluidos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron veintidós estudios. La mayoría eran estudios piloto no aleatorizados, tenían un alto riesgo de sesgo, eran de México y Brasil, y empleaban intervenciones selectivas. Los programas basados en la disonancia y la teoría cognitiva social fueron los enfoques comúnmente utilizados en las intervenciones, y la mayoría de ellos se probaron en niñas y mujeres adolescentes. Se utilizaron seguimientos cortos, que variaron de uno a 6 meses. Muchos encontraron disminuciones significativas después de la intervención y / o en el seguimiento en los síntomas de TCA/Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo, afecto negativo, internalización de la figura ideal y trastornos de la imagen corporal. CONCLUSIONES: Esta revisión destaca los esfuerzos prometedores para prevenir los TCA entre los países de América Latina. Algunas barreras en la realización de investigaciones incluyen restricciones de financiamiento, leyes que no permiten la remuneración o compensación para los participantes y los altos costos de capacitación. No obstante, los resultados de los programas desarrollados y evaluados hasta ahora son lo suficientemente positivos como para merecer un mayor trabajo en la prevención de los TCA. Los esfuerzos para futuros investigadores deben reclutar muestras con características diversas, utilizar diseños robustos y técnicas de análisis de datos, y ampliar la accesibilidad de los programas de prevención.

Cross-Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of SATAQ-4R for brazilian adolescents / Adaptação transcultural e avaliação psicométrica do SATAQ-4R para adolescentes brasileiros / Adaptación transcultural y evaluación psicométrica del SATAQ-4R para adolescentes brasileños

The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and to evaluate the psychometric properties of Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire - 4R (SATAQ-4R) among Brazilian adolescents. This scale evaluates the influence from parents, peers, media and significant others on body image. In the first stage, the conceptual, semantic, operational and content equivalences were assessed. In the second stage, 285 girls (M age = 15.54; SD = 1.59 years old) and 323 boys (M age = 15.34; SD = 1.66 years old) took part. The results from Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a factorial structure composed of 7 factors for girls and 6 factors for boys. Associations between SATAQ-4R and body dissatisfaction, body change behavior, eating attitudes and self-esteem suggested good convergent validity. We concluded that the SATAQ-4R is a valid and reliable instrument for Brazilian adolescents, which is considered a good tool for the evaluation of the beauty ideal internalization and socio-cultural influences. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar culturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire - 4R (SATAQ-4R) entre adolescentes brasileiros. Essa escala avalia influência dos pais, amigos, mídia e pessoas próximas na imagem corporal. Na primeira etapa, foram atestadas as equivalências conceitual, semântica, operacional e de conteúdo. Da segunda etapa, participaram 285 meninas (M idade = 15,54; DP = 1,59 anos) e 323 meninos (M idade = 15,34; DP = 1,66 anos). Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória apontaram estrutura fatorial com sete fatores para meninas adolescentes e seis fatores para meninos adolescentes. Associações entre SATAQ-4R e medidas de insatisfação corporal, comportamento de mudança corporal, atitudes alimentares e autoestima sugerem boa validade convergente da escala. Conclui-se que o SATAQ-4R é um instrumento válido e confiável para adolescentes brasileiros, sendo alternativa para avaliação da internalização dos padrões ideais de beleza e influências socioculturais. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar culturalmente y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire - 4R (SATAQ-4R) entre adolescentes brasileños. Esta escala evalúa la influencia de los padres, amigos, medios de comunicación y personas importantes en la imagen corporal. En la primera etapa, se atestiguaron las equivalencias conceptuales, semánticas, operativas y de contenido. En la segunda etapa, participaron 285 chicas (M edad = 15.54; DS = 1.59 años) y 323 chicos (M edad = 15.34; DS = 1.66 años). Los resultados del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio mostraron una estructura factorial de 7 factores para las chicas y 6 factores para los chicos. Las asociaciones entre el SATAQ-4R e insatisfacción corporal, la conducta del desarrollo corporal, las actitudes alimentarias y la autoestima sugieren una buena validez convergente. Se concluye que el SATAQ-4R es un instrumento válido para adolescentes brasileños y se considera una buena alternativa para la evaluación de la internalización de los ideales de belleza e influencias socioculturales. (AU)

Body Appreciation, Depressive Symptoms, and Self-Esteem in Pregnant and Postpartum Brazilian Women.

Background: During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women experience tremendous biopsychosocial changes in a short period of time. Poor body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and low self-esteem during the perinatal period may cause negative consequences for both the mother and the infant's physiological and psychological health. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem between the three gestational trimesters and the postpartum period. Methods: Participants (N = 1,423 pregnant and postpartum Brazilian women), aged between 18 and 42 years old (M = 29.22; SD = ±5.72), answered questionnaires on body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem. BMI was self-reported. Descriptive and nonparametric covariance analysis were performed, comparing women who were in the first, second, and third trimesters and the postpartum period. Results: Body appreciation was significantly higher among women in the third trimester compared to those in the first and second trimester. However, it was lower for women in all three gestational trimesters than for those in the postpartum. There was no difference in self-esteem during pregnancy, but it was significantly lower in the postpartum group. Similarly, depressive symptoms did not vary through pregnant groups but it was significantly higher in the postpartum group. Conclusions: The results showed that the postpartum period can be a difficult experience for women. They presented poor body appreciation and lower self-esteem and higher depressive symptoms compared to the pregnancy period. Therefore, it is necessary for public health policies to support women in this period, preserving their mental health and making this experience more positive.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review.

The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases-Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention among Brazilian young women: A randomized efficacy trial of the Body Project.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Body Project eating disorder prevention program in reducing eating disorder risk factors and symptoms in young Brazilian women. A total of 141 female university students aged 18-30 years old were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: assessment-only condition (n = 78) and Body Project condition (n = 63). Participants completed scales assessing body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence, disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, eating disorders symptoms, body appreciation, depressive mood and negative affect at baseline, posttest, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Body Project participants showed significantly greater reductions in body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence, disordered eating, eating disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and negative affect, and greater increases in body appreciation (d = .35-.48) compared to assessment-only participants. Most of the effects persisted through 6-month follow-up (d = .35-.74). Results provide evidence that the Body Project is an effective intervention to reduce eating disorder risk factors and eating disorder symptoms among Brazilian young women, and that this intervention is naturally culturally adaptive.

Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention delivered in-person after an online training: A randomized controlled trial for Brazilian men with body dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: Few prevention programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to address eating disorder (ED) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms in men. Furthermore, new strategies for the broad implementation of available programs are needed. We investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a dissonance-based (DB) intervention for Brazilian undergraduate men with body dissatisfaction to target risk and protective factors for ED and MD symptoms (the Body Project: More Than Muscles) after an online training for facilitators. METHOD: Participants were randomized to a two-session DB-intervention (n = 89) or assessment-only control (AOC) (n = 91), and completed validated measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 4- and 24-week follow-up post-intervention. RESULTS: Acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, the DB condition demonstrated significantly greater decreases in ED and MD risk factors compared to AOC from pre-intervention to 4-week (p-values <.05, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.35-1.10) and 24-week follow-up (p-values <.05, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.33-0.78). Results at post-intervention were not significant, with the exception that body appreciation showed significantly greater improvements in the DB condition (post-intervention: p < .01, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.40; 4-week: p < .001, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.80; and 24-week follow-up: p < .001, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.58). DISCUSSION: Results support the acceptability and efficacy of a DB-intervention delivered in-person after an online training for facilitators up to 24-week follow-up in Brazilian men.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) for Brazilian Young Women / Avaliação Psicométrica da Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) para Jovens Brasileiras / Evaluación Psicométrica de la Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) para Mujeres Jóvenes Brasileñas

Abstract Internalization is an important dimension of body image, which can be assessed using the Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). This study aims to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the TIIS for young Brazilian women. A total of 448 young university women participated in the research (M age = 21.4 years; SD = 2.91). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, association with body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) and eating attitudes (Eating Attitudes Test-26), and assessment of reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) were performed. The instrument had its semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences ensured. The factor analysis demonstrated the presence of three factors and satisfactory adjustment indexes. In addition, the scale showed adequate values for convergent validity and reliability. The final version of the TIIS (18 items) obtained adequate psychometric properties for the evaluation of the body-ideal internalization among Brazilian young women. We suggest new studies to prove the factor structure for other populations.

Resumo A internalização é uma importante dimensão da imagem corporal, que pode ser avaliada através da Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural e a avaliação psicométrica da TIIS para jovens mulheres brasileiras. Participaram 448 jovens universitárias (M idade = 21.4 anos; DP = 2.91). Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, associação com a insatisfação corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) e atitudes alimentares (Eating Attitudes Test-26), e avaliação da confiabilidade (consistência interna e teste-reteste). O instrumento teve asseguradas suas equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A análise fatorial revelou presença de três fatores e índices de ajustamento satisfatórios. Além disso, a escala apresentou valores adequados para a validade convergente e confiabilidade. A versão final da TIIS (18 itens) apresentou adequadas qualidades psicométricas para a avaliação da internalização de padrões corporais ideais entre jovens brasileiras. Sugerem-se novos estudos que comprovem a estrutura fatorial para outras populações.

Resumen La internalización es una dimensión importante de la imagen corporal, que puede evaluarse utilizando la Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación psicométrica de la TIIS para mujeres jóvenes brasileñas. Participaron 448 jóvenes universitarias (M edad = 21.4 años; DP = 2.91). Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, asociación con insatisfacción corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) y actitudes alimentarias (Eating Attitudes Test-26), y evaluación de la confiabilidad (consistencia interna y prueba-reprueba). El instrumento tuvo aseguradas sus equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, culturales y conceptuales. El análisis factorial reveló la presencia de tres factores e índices de ajuste satisfactorios. Además, la escala mostró valores adecuados de validez convergente y confiabilidad. La versión final de la TIIS (18 ítems) obtuvo propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la internalización del cuerpo ideal entre las jóvenes brasileñas. Se sugieren nuevos estudios para probar la estructura factorial a otras poblaciones.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review

Abstract The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases—Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Translation, Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of SATAQ-4R for Brazilian Children.

BACKGROUND: The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) is one of the most investigated instruments for the evaluation of sociocultural pressure and internalization of the beauty standard, and it is considered to be one of the most robust instruments for this purpose. The most recent version of this questionnaire is the SATAQ-4R, originally designed for adults and teenagers, which has been used in different countries, contexts, and populations. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian children are appropriate and necessary. OBJECTIVE: The general objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and verify the psychometric qualities of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian girls and boys aged between 7 and 11 years old. METHODS: Study 1 describes the cross-cultural adaptation, from the translation stage to the pretest in children of both sexes (n = 36, M = 8.76, SD = 1.59 years). SATAQ-4R has been demonstrated to be easily understood by Brazilian children. Studies 2 and 3 analyze the psychometric qualities of such an instrument in 566 girls (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23 years) and in 592 boys (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been performed with independent samples. RESULTS: Both instruments presented factor structures composed of five factors, good reliability, and convergent validity. CONCLUSION: We concluded that SATAQ-4R-Female and SATAQ-4R-Male are useful tools for evaluating the internalization of beauty standards and of sociocultural pressure on Brazilian children.

Promovendo diálogos sobre imagem corporal com futuros professores de Educação Física / Promoting dialogues on body image with future Physical Education teachers / Promoviendo diálogos sobre imagen corporal con futuros profesores de Educación Física

O estudo objetivou avaliar em qual direção a participação em uma intervenção foi capaz de modificar a percepção de futuros professores de Educação Física em lidar com assuntos relacionados à imagem corporal em suas aulas. Participaram do estudo 14 acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais ­ Campus Barbacena. Os voluntários responderam a entrevistas semi-estruturadas antes do início e após a realização de quatro encontros, os quais buscaram situar o corpo no âmbito das práticas pedagógicas. Os resultados apontaram que a participação nas oficinas foi capaz de promover mudanças na opinião dos futuros professores a respeito da abordagem de temas relacionados ao corpo e à imagem corporal nas aulas de educação física, no sentido de incentivar a reflexão sobre esses temas, ampliando o acesso a informações científicas e a elaboração de estratégias didáticas para a abordagem do tema na escola.

The present study aimed to evaluate in which way an intervention was able to modify the perception of future Physical Education teachers in dealing with themes related to body image in their classes. Participants of the study were 14 undergraduate students in the Physical Education Degree course of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais ­ Campus Barbacena. The volunteers responded to semi-structured interviews prior to the start and after four meetings, which sought to place the body within the scope of pedagogical practices. Our results pointed out that the participation in the meetings was able to promote changes in the opinion of future teachers regarding the approach to themes related to the body and body image in physical education classes, in the sense of encourage thinking on these themes, expanding access to scientific information and the elaboration of didactic strategies to approach such themes at school.

El objetivo fue evaluar en qué dirección la participación en una intervención fue capaz de modificar la percepción de futuros profesores de Educación Física en lidiar con asuntos relacionados a la imagen corporal en sus clases. Participaron 14 académicos del curso de Licenciatura en Educación Física del Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais - Campus Barbacena. Los voluntarios respondieron a entrevistas semiestructuradas antes del inicio y después de la realización de cuatro encuentros, los cuales buscaron situar el cuerpo en el ámbito de las prácticas pedagógicas. Nuestros resultados señalaron que la participación en las reuniones fue capaz de promover cambios en la opinión de los futuros profesores con respecto al enfoque de los temas relacionados con el cuerpo y la imagen corporal en las clases de educación física, en el sentido de alentar a pensar sobre estos temas, ampliando el acceso a la información científica y la elaboración de estrategias didácticas para abordar dichos temas en la escuela.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.

Translation, Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of SATAQ-4R for Brazilian Children

Abstract Background The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) is one of the most investigated instruments for the evaluation of sociocultural pressure and internalization of the beauty standard, and it is considered to be one of the most robust instruments for this purpose. The most recent version of this questionnaire is the SATAQ-4R, originally designed for adults and teenagers, which has been used in different countries, contexts, and populations. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian children are appropriate and necessary. Objective The general objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and verify the psychometric qualities of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian girls and boys aged between 7 and 11 years old.Methods: Study 1 describes the cross-cultural adaptation, from the translation stage to the pretest in children of both sexes (n = 36, M = 8.76, SD = 1.59 years). SATAQ-4R has been demonstrated to be easily understood by Brazilian children. Studies 2 and 3 analyze the psychometric qualities of such an instrument in 566 girls (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23 years) and in 592 boys (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been performed with independent samples. Results Both instruments presented factor structures composed of five factors, good reliability, and convergent validity. Conclusion We concluded that SATAQ-4R-Female and SATAQ-4R-Male are useful tools for evaluating the internalization of beauty standards and of sociocultural pressure on Brazilian children.

Apreciação corporal e aspectos associados entre adolescentes e mulheres jovens / Body appreciation and associated factors among adolescents and young women

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores que influenciam a apreciação corporal entre adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Métodos: As participantes (n = 242) responderam a questionários que avaliaram apreciação corporal, insatisfação corporal, influência sociocultural, atitudes alimentares e autoestima. Resultados: A análise de correlação revelou que todas as variáveis se associaram à apreciação corporal. O modelo de regressão linear múltipla apontou a satisfação corporal como principal preditor de maior apreciação corporal, seguido da autoestima, das atitudes alimentares e de menor influência da mídia. Conclusões: Esses resultados contribuem para o entendimento da imagem corporal positiva entre adolescentes e jovens brasileiras, apontando importantes questões e desafios para pesquisas futuras.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the factors that influence the body appreciation among adolescents and young women. Methods: Participants (n = 242) answered questionnaires that assessed body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence, eating attitudes and self-esteem. Results: The correlation analysis revealed that all variables were associated with body appreciation. The multiple linear regression model pointed to body satisfaction as the main predictor of greater body appreciation, followed by self-esteem, eating attitudes and a lower influence of the media. Conclusions: These results contribute to the understanding of positive body image among Brazilian adolescents and youngsters, pointing out important issues and challenges for future research.

A controlled trial of a dissonance-based eating disorders prevention program with Brazilian girls.

BACKGROUND: Given that most young women with eating disorders do not receive treatment, implementing effective prevention programs is a public health priority. The Body Project is a group-based eating disorder prevention program with evidence of both efficacy and effectiveness. This trial evaluated the efficacy of this prevention program with Brazilian girls, as no published study has tested whether this intervention is culturally sensitive and efficacious with Latin-American adolescents. METHODS: Female students were allocated to a dissonance-based intervention (n = 40) or assessment-only (n = 22) condition. The intervention was a dissonance-based program, consisted of four group sessions aimed to reduce thin-ideal internalization. The sessions included verbal, written, and behavioral exercises. The intervention group was evaluated at pretest and posttest; assessment-only controls completed measures at parallel times. RESULTS: Compared to assessment-only controls, intervention participants showed a significantly greater reduction in body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence of the media, depressive symptoms, negative affect, as well as significantly greater increases in body appreciation. There were no significant effects for disordered eating attitudes and eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that this dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program was culturally sensitive, or at least culturally adaptive, and efficacious with Brazilian female adolescents. Indeed, the average effect size was slightly larger than has been observed in the large efficacy trial of this prevention program and in recent meta-analytic reviews. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-7prdf2 . Registered 13 August 2018 (retrospectively registered).

A controlled trial of a dissonance-based eating disorders prevention program with Brazilian girls

Abstract Background: Given that most young women with eating disorders do not receive treatment, implementing effective prevention programs is a public health priority. The Body Project is a group-based eating disorder prevention program with evidence of both efficacy and effectiveness. This trial evaluated the efficacy of this prevention program with Brazilian girls, as no published study has tested whether this intervention is culturally sensitive and efficacious with Latin-American adolescents. Methods: Female students were allocated to a dissonance-based intervention (n = 40) or assessment-only (n = 22) condition. The intervention was a dissonance-based program, consisted of four group sessions aimed to reduce thin-ideal internalization. The sessions included verbal, written, and behavioral exercises. The intervention group was evaluated at pretest and posttest; assessment-only controls completed measures at parallel times. Results: Compared to assessment-only controls, intervention participants showed a significantly greater reduction in body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence of the media, depressive symptoms, negative affect, as well as significantly greater increases in body appreciation. There were no significant effects for disordered eating attitudes and eating disorder symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest that this dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program was culturally sensitive, or at least culturally adaptive, and efficacious with Brazilian female adolescents. Indeed, the average effect size was slightly larger than has been observed in the large efficacy trial of this prevention program and in recent meta-analytic reviews. Trial registration: RBR-7prdf2. Registered 13 August 2018 (retrospectively registered). (AU)

Body dissatisfaction and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: A longitudinal study.

We conducted a longitudinal investigation of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls, in order to evaluate the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural predictors for body dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disorder symptoms. Validated self-administered scales were selected, thereby assessing the various aspects of body image, symptoms of eating disorders, depression, and self-esteem. Four hundred and ninety-eight adolescents (236 girls) participated in the study. Most of the evaluated outcomes remained stable for over a year. Overall, results pointed to sociocultural influence, as evaluated by SATAQ-3, as the main influencing factor on body dissatisfaction in both boys and girls, with less drastic effects seen for both biological and psychological variables. Body dissatisfaction also predicted symptoms of eating disorders. These results produce longitudinal evidence of the importance of sociocultural influence on body image among Brazilian boys and girls.

Comportamento alimentar em adolescentes de Juiz de Fora / Eating habits in adolescents of Juiz de Fora / El comportamiento alimentario en los adolescentes de Juiz de Fora

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento alimentar de adolescentes de Juiz de Fora-MG, comparando-o de acordo com o sexo e o estado nutricional. Participaram 322 adolescentes com idades entre 10 e 19 anos, de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se o eating attitudes test (EAT-26) para avaliar o comportamento alimentar. Aferiram-se o peso e a estatura para calcular o índice de massa corporal (IMC). O estado nutricional foi obtido pelos pontos de corte do IMC. Conduziu-se análise Manova para comparar os três fatores do EAT-26 em razão do sexo e estado nutricional. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas subescalas dieta e autocontrole oral

The aim of this study was to evaluate the eating habits of adolescents in Juiz de Fora-MG, comparing them according to sex and nutritional state. Participants 322 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, of both sexes. We used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to evaluate the eating habits. Measure body weight and height to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Nutritional status was obtained by points BMI cutoff. Manova analysis was conducted to compare the three factors of the EAT-26 according to sex and nutritional status. The results showed differences statistically significant on the scales Self-control oral and Diet

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento alimentario de los adolescentes en Juiz de Fora-MG, comparándolos en función del sexo y el estado nutricional. Participaron 322 adolescentes de entre 10 y 19 años, de ambos sexos. Se utilizó el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para evaluar el comportamiento alimentario. Se registraron la altura y el peso para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC). El estado nutricional se obtuvo por los puntos de corte del IMC. Se realizó el análisis Manova para comparar los tres factores EAT-26 según el sexo y el estado nutricional. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los apartados de dieta y autocontrol oral